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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(5)oct. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431694

RESUMO

Este artículo revisa los principales desafíos éticos que plantea la investigación vinculada al genoma humano a la luz de la bibliografía internacional y entrega recomendaciones sobre su abordaje basada en nuestra experiencia en el Comité de Ética para la Investigación en Seres Humanos de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, incluyendo las regulaciones legales nacionales. Los estándares éticos de la investigación en seres humanos deben extremarse para proteger adecuadamente a los participantes en estudios involucrados con la genómica. Especialmente relevantes en este contexto son: la protección de la confidencialidad y anonimato; la política de entrega de resultados y la posibilidad de retirarse del estudio. Compartir datos resultantes de investigaciones genéticas permite optimizar recursos, otorga mayor transparencia y replicabilidad de los análisis y permite descubrir alteraciones genéticas responsables de enfermedades raras y genes involucrados en enfermedades hereditarias multifactoriales, además de contribuir al diseño de medicina de precisión y de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. Sin embargo, plantea grandes desafíos: proteger la privacidad y evitar la re-identificación de los voluntarios, la entrega de resultados con asesoría pre y post estudio. Estos aspectos requieren la elaboración de un cuidadoso proceso de consentimiento informado para investigaciones genómicas cuyos componentes principales se analizan en este artículo.


This article reviews the main ethical challenges posed by human genome research in the light of the international literature and provides recommendations on how to approach them based on our experience in the Ethics Committee for Research on Human Subjects of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, including national legal regulations. Ethical standards in human research must be extreme, in order to adequately protect participants in studies involving genomics. Particularly relevant in this context are the protection of confidentiality and anonymity; the policy of delivery of results and the possibility of withdrawing from the study. Sharing data resulting from genetic research optimizes resources, provides greater transparency, and replicability of the analyses and makes it possible to discover genetic alterations responsible for rare diseases and genes involved in multi-factorial hereditary diseases, as well as contributing to the design of precision medicine and new therapeutic strategies. However, it poses great challenges: protecting privacy and avoiding re-identification of volunteers, delivery of results with pre- and post-study counseling. These aspects require the elaboration of a careful informed consent process for genomic research, the main components of which are discussed in this article.

2.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 34(4): 226-235, 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-990841

RESUMO

Resumen La tuberculosis es un problema de salud mundial exacerbado por la ausencia de una vacuna eficaz y la emergencia de cepas multidrogo resistentes. La inmunidad innata, clave en la susceptibilidad a tuberculosis, está asociada a polimorfismos genéticos en TLRs (Toll Like Receptors), VDR (Vitamin D Receptor), INF-γ, TNF-α, entre otros. Recientemente, también a nueve genes causantes de susceptibilidad mendeliana a enfermedades micobacterianas (MSMD), incluyendo genes autosómicos y ligados al cromosoma X. Después de décadas de exitoso manejo, Chile reportó mantención de la mortalidad, aumento en la incidencia de tuberculosis en todas sus formas y casos multidrogo resistentes. La incidencia es mayor en Norte y Centro, donde la Región Metropolitana mostró incremento de población migrante latinoamericana. Consecuentemente, la alta persistencia de la incidencia en tales zonas geográficas, podría asociarse a poblaciones portadoras de polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP)s y/o MSMD, confiriendo susceptibilidad genética a tuberculosis y/o a BCG diseminada y otros patógenos intramacrofágicos, similar a lo descrito en poblaciones de Europa, Asia, África y América. En conclusión, proponemos considerar la predisposición genética de la población actual, al momento de diseñar políticas nacionales de salud pública para erradicar la tuberculosis.


Tuberculosis is a global health problem exacerbated by the absence of an effective vaccine and emergence of extensive antibiotic-resistant strains. Innate immunity is key to tuberculosis susceptibility, since it is associated with genetic polymorphisms in TLRs (Toll Like Receptors), VDR (Vitamin D Receptor), INF-γ, TNF-α, among others. Recently, also to nine Mendelian Susceptibility Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) -causing genes, including autosomal and X-linked genes. After decades of successful management, Chile reported maintenance of mortality and increase in tuberculosis under 15 years and multidrug resistant cases incidence. Moreover, incidence is higher in the North and the Center, where Metropolitan Region showed a sustained increment of the Latin American migrant population. Consequently, the high incidence persistence in such geographic areas could be associated with populations carrying SNPs genetic polymorphisms types and/or MSMD that confer genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis and/or BCG dissemination and other intramacrophagic pathogens, similar to that described in certain populations in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. Corollary, we propose to consider genetic predisposition of the current population, at the time of designing national public health policies to eradicate tuberculosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose/genética , Tuberculose/imunologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Imunidade Inata
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(9): 1150-1156, set. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-730286

RESUMO

Background: The Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) is an epidemiological surveillance system operating in 11 South American countries since 1969. Aim: To analyze the Congenital Malformation prevalence rate at birth from 2001 to 2010 in Chilean Hospitals participating in ECLAMC. To compare these rates with those of the period 1982-1994. Material and Methods: Review of the ECLAMC database, which contains information about 282.568 newborns, 2.110 of them stillbirths (0.75%) from 13 Maternity hospitals. Results: In the study period, 10.925 newborns had congenital malformations (3.9 %). Their frequency was lower in live newborns than stillbirths (3.8 and 15.3%, respectively). Compared with the 1982-1994 period, congenital malformation prevalence rates at birth were higher. They stabilized in approximately 4 %, from 1985 to 2010. The prevalence of some anomalies such as Down syndrome increased significantly. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly. Conclusions: Prevalence rates of congenital malformations at birth remained stable in the last 18 years in Chilean Hospitals participating in ECLAMC. However the prevalence of some malformations such as Down syndrome, Polydactyly, anotia-microtia, syndactyly and cleft palate have increased. The prevalence rates of spina bifida and anencephaly have decreased.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Maternidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile/epidemiologia , Prevalência
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(10): 1300-1306, oct. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-701738

RESUMO

Background: The Chilean Ministry of Health has reported a meaningful increase of births from teenager mothers (aged less than 20 years) in the period 1990-2008. On the contrary, there was a decrease of births from teenage mothers at The University of Chile Clinical Hospital (HCUCH). Aim: To compare the prevalence rates at birth of congenital malformations (CMF) in newborns from mothers younger than 20 with those of mothers between 20 and 34 years old. Patients and Methods: The Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) data base of the HCUCH, since 1969 was analyzed. The last ten years (2002-2011) were studied. Results: There were 15,636 births in the period studied, 153 of them were stillbirths (0.97%). There were 1174 newborns from teenage mothers, 82 of them had one or more congenital malformations (7%). We found an association between smoking and drug consumption in mothers and CMF in their newborns. Conclusions: The rate of congenital malformations among offspring of teenage mothers is lower than the rate for mothers between 20 and 34 years old.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Coeficiente de Natalidade , Chile/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Idade Materna , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 84(4): 403-408, jul. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-690543

RESUMO

Introducción: Onfalocele y gastrosquisis son los defectos de la pared abdominal (DPA) más frecuentes, que por su importancia y las diferencias entre ellos merecen ser estudiados en forma especial. Objetivos: Establecer las tasas de prevalencia de onfalocele y gastroaquisis al nacimiento. Verificar variaciones de ellas en distintos períodos. Estudiar la morbimortalidad asociada y su sobrevida. Pacientes y Método: Se revisó la base de datos ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congênitas) para el período 1996-2010. Resultados: Se pesquizarón 33 recién nacidos (RN) con DPA. (11,6 por 10.000 nacimientos). De ellos 19 fueron onfalocele (6,7 por 10.000) y 14 (4,9 por 10.000) gastrosquisis. Los niños con onfalocele tenían significativamente mayor asociación con otras malformaciones, su frecuencia en el sexo masculino fue mayor y mostró mayor letalidad que la gastrosquisis. Todos los niños con gastrosquisis nacieron vivos, con predominio del sexo femenino, sus madres eran significativamente más jóvenes. Conclusión: Onfalocele y gastros-quisis presentaron una prevalencia al nacimiento mayor que lo publicado, probablemente por ser el HCUCH un Centro de Referencia. Ambas anomalías mostraron un aumento significativo en sus tasas de prevalencia al nacimiento al compararlas con las obtenidas anteriormente por nosotros en el mismo hospital. Se demostró diferencias significativas entre estas dos entidades: Onfalocele tiene mayor mortinatalidad, mortalidad y letalidad, mayor frecuencia de malformaciones asociadas y mayor promedio de edad materna.


Introduction: Omphalocele and Gastroschisis are the two most common congenital abdominal wall (AWD) defects. Objectives: To determine birth prevalence of Omphalocele and Gastroaquisis; to verify variations in different periods and to study the associated morbidity, mortality and survival. Patients and Method: The database of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) was searched between the years 1996 and 2010. Results: 33 newborns (NB) with AWD were investigated (11.6 per 10,000 births). 19 of the cases corresponded to omphalocele (6.7 per 10,000 births) and 14 to gastroschisis (4.9 per 10,000 births). Children with omphalocele had significantly greater association with other malformations and the frequency in males was higher and showed higher mortality rates than gastroschisis. All children with gas-troschisis were born alive; they were predominantly female infants whose mothers were significantly younger. Conclusion: Birth omphalocele and gastroschisis prevalence were higher than published information, perhaps due to the fact that the HCUCH (Clinical Hospital of Universidad de Chile) is a reference center. Both anomalies showed a significant increase in their birth prevalence rates when compared with those previously obtained by us in the same hospital. Significant differences between these two entities were described. Omphalocele presented higher stillbirth, mortality and fatality rates; higher frequency of associated malformations and higher average maternal age.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Gastrosquise/epidemiologia , Hérnia Umbilical/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Chile , Gastrosquise/mortalidade , Hérnia Umbilical/mortalidade , Tempo de Internação , Prevalência , Parede Abdominal/anormalidades , Taxa de Sobrevida
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(6): 751-757, jun. 2013. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-687207

RESUMO

Background: Congenital malformations (CMF) have an important role in infant mortality. Neural tube defects (NTD) have great relevance from both social and public health points of view. The ECLAMC (Collaborative Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations) maintains in Chile an epidemiological surveillance of CMF prevalence rate at birth since 1969. Aim: To assess the effect of wheat flour folic acid fortification on the prevalence of NTD. Patients and Methods: Only An encephaly, Spina bifida and Cephalocele were considered as NTD. All children born in the maternities incorporated to ECLAMC between 1969 and 1999 were considered as belonging to the pre folic acid fortification period and those who were born from 2001 to 2010 were considered as belonging to the post fortification period. Results: The NTD prevalence rate at birth in the pre fortification period was 17.03/10,000. In the second period, there were 291,996 births and among them, 280 newborns were affected by a form of NTD (9.59 in 10,000 births). This represents a 44% decrease (p < 0.01). Anencephaly rate fell from 7.16/10,000 to 3.67/10,000, representing a 49% lower rate (p < 0.01). Spina bifida rate decreased from 8.61/10,000 to 4.49/10,000, representing a 48% lower rate (p < 0.01). Cephalocele had a 20% non-significant reduction. Conclusions: Wheat flour fortification with folic acid reduced by 44% the prevalence rate of NTD at birth. This means that NTDs were prevented in 185 Chilean newborns each year.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Anencefalia/prevenção & controle , Encefalocele/prevenção & controle , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Alimentos Fortificados , Disrafismo Espinal/prevenção & controle , Anencefalia/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Encefalocele/epidemiologia , Farinha , Prevalência , Disrafismo Espinal/epidemiologia
7.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 72(1): 7-14, abr. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627555

RESUMO

Introducción: Se estima que 1 de cada 1.000 niños presenta hipoacusia severa al nacimiento o en los primeros meses de vida y el 50 por ciento de las hipoacusias congénitas se relacionan con el gen de la conexina 26 (GJB2). En poblaciones caucásicas la variante patogénica 35delG del gen GJB2, que es la más frecuente, se encuentra en 30 por ciento de los pacientes con hipoacusia congénita no sindrómica. En Chile, la frecuencia de esta variante en escolares sordos no está descrita. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de la mutación 35delG del gen GJB2 en niños con sordera congénita no sindrómica y no atribuible a causas ambientales conocidas, de colegios especiales de Santiago. Correlacionar la presencia de 35delG con los antecedentes clínicos de estos niños. Material y método: Se determinó la presencia de la mutación 35delG mediante PCR alelo específico y secuenciación automatizada en 81 escolares. Se buscó asociar la presencia de 35delG y los antecedentes clínicos de los niños mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: En el grupo estudiado, el 11,25 por ciento de los casos presentaron la variante 35delG, siendo ésta más frecuente en los casos en que había antecedentes familiares de sordera. En 8 casos se encontró una variante considerada no patogénica V27I. Conclusión: La frecuencia de la mutación 35delG fue inferior a lo esperado, probablemente debido al método de selección de los niños a estudiar (aquellos cuyos padres no referían causa conocida de sordera, lo cual no fue refrendado por exámenes de laboratorio que permitieran descartar enfermedades infecciosas u otras condiciones causantes de sordera).


Introduction: Congenital hearing loss occurs in 1 in 1000 live births and 50 percent of these cases are related with mutations in the connexin26 gene (GJB2). The 35delG variant is the most common of the known pathogenic alleles in Caucasian populations, reaching a frequency of 30 percent among the non syndromic congenital deaf people. The frequency of this variant has not been described in Chilean deaf children. Aim: To estimate the frequency of the 35delG GJB2 gene mutation in children with non syndromic congenital hearing loss of unknown etiology from deaf schools in Santiago, and to evaluate the association between clinical features of these children and the presence of the 35delG allele. Material and method: The presence of the 35delG mutation was studied by allele specific PCR and automatical sequencing in 81 children. The association between clinical issues and genotypes was explored by Fisher exact test. Results: We found the 35delG variant in 11,25 percent of the children, this mutation was more frequent in familial cases than sporadic cases of deafness. We also found the V27I non pathogenic variant in 8 cases. Conclusion: The frequency of the 35delG mutation was lower than the expected, probably due to the criterion used to select the school children to be studied.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Conexinas/genética , Estudantes , Mutação , Surdez/genética , DNA , Chile , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
8.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(3): 183-189, 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-646991

RESUMO

Antecedentes: En las últimas décadas en Chile y otros países Sudamericanos se ha producido un cambio en la distribución etaria de las madres. Objetivos: Obtener la distribución de los nacimientos por grupos de edades maternas en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH) y compararlos con iguales grupos en todo Chile. Comprobar que los grupos de edades extremas están aumentando. Estudiar la relación entre estos cambios con algunas patologías del recién nacido, como prematuridad, recién nacidos pequeños para su edad gestacional (PEG) y malformaciones congénitas. Método: Datos de la maternidad del HCUCH (1982-2010) y del Ministerio de Salud (1990-2008). Se distribuye a las madres en 3 grupos: <20, >35 y 20-34 años. Las comparaciones se hicieron con prueba de Chi Cuadrado. Resultados: En Chile el grupo de madres >35 años aumentó en más del 50 por ciento al comparar los años 1990 (10,2 por ciento del total) y 2008 por ciento(15,8 por ciento) (p<10-8). Las madres adolescentes en Chile aumentaron de 13,8 por ciento en 1990 a 16,6 por ciento en 1998 (p<10-8). En el HCUCH las adolescentes disminuyeron de 16,08 por ciento en 1982 a 9,09 por ciento en 2010 (p<10-8). Las >35 años aumentaron significativamente, al igual que en Chile, de 9,8 por ciento en 1982 a 22,17 por ciento en el año 2010 (p<10-8). Esta distribución etaria en el HCUCH (1996-2010) se asoció con otros cambios significativos: disminuyeron los RN PEG (p=0,02) y los prematuros (<37 semanas) aumentaron significativamente (p<0,00001). El grupo de mujeres >35 años se asocia con mayor cantidad de RN femeninos, malformaciones congénitas, síndrome de Down y partos por cesárea.


Introduction: In recent decades, both in Chile and other South American countries there has been a change in the age distribution of mothers. Objectives: To obtain the distribution of births by maternal age groups in the Hospital Clinic of the University of Chile (HCUCH) and compare them with similar groups throughout Chile. Check that the extreme age groups are increasing. To study the relationship between these changes and some diseases of the newborn, such as prematurity, infants small for gestational age (SGA) and birth defects. Methods: We reviewed the database of the Maternity HCUCH (1982-2010) and of the Ministry of Health (19902008). The mothers are distributed in 3 groups: <20, >35 and between 20-34 years. Comparisons were made with chi square test. Results: In Chile, the group of mothers >35 years old has increased by over 50 percent when comparing the 1990 (10.2 percent of total) and 2008 15.8 percent (p<10-8). Teenager mothers in Chile increased from 13.8 percent in 1990 to 16.6 percent in 1998 (p<10-8). In the HCUCH variations were different, adolescents decreased 16.08 percent in 1982 to 9.09 percent in 2010 (p<10-8). The >35 years increased significantly, as in all of Chile, 9.8 percent in 1982 to 22.17 percent in 2010 (p<10-8). The live birth age distribution in the HCUCH (1996-2010) led to significant changes: reducing SGA (p=0.02), the premature (<37 weeks) increased significantly (p<0.00001). The group of women >35 years is associated with increased number of children women, congenital malformations, Down syndrome and cesarean deliveries.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade Materna , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Demografia , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Fatores Etários , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional , Coeficiente de Natalidade
9.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(6): 512-519, dic. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-612184

RESUMO

Introduction: Congenital abnormalities of the Urinary Tract are frequent and prevalence has increased since the introduction of routine prenatal sonogram. Objectives: To determine the prevalence rate of congenital urinary malformations at birth at Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. These data will be compared to other Chilean hospitals participating in ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas - Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations). A longitudinal study will serve to evaluate if significant variation has occurred, and risk factors will be investigated. Patients and Methods: All births occurring between January, 1998 and December, 2010 were included. Prevalence rate of urinary malformations were calculated, and compared to those obtained in previous years. Statistical analysis of proportions was calculated through mean and average comparison was made through Student t test. Results: Urinary anomalies appeared at a rate of 64.5 per 10.000 births. This represents a significant increase from previous studies. Highest risk factor seemed to be "other family members with disease". Most frequent anomaly was Hydroureteronphrosis (24,2 percent) followed by Hypospadias (17 percent). The rate of these malformations in ECLAMC participating Chilean hospitales was 23.37/10.000 births. Conclusion: A significant increase in the diagnosis of these anomalies was shown, being the most important risk factor the presence of family members with similar congenital disorders.


Introducción: Las anomalías congénitas del Aparato Urinario son frecuentes y ha aumentado su prevalencia al nacimiento con la introducción rutinaria del estudio prenatal por ultrasonografía. Objetivos: Determinar la Tasa de prevalencia al nacimiento de las malformaciones urinarias en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Compararlas con las del resto de los hospitales chilenos que participan en el ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas). Estudiarlas a lo largo del tiempo para ver si han tenido variaciones significativas. Investigar factores de riesgo que pueden influir en la aparición de ellas. Pacientes y Método: Se estudió todos los nacimientos ocurridos entre Enero de 1998 y Diciembre de 2010 en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se calculó las tasas de prevalencia al nacimiento de las malformaciones urinarias y se las comparó con las obtenidas en períodos anteriores. El análisis estadístico de comparación de proporciones se realizó mediante la prueba de c² y las comparaciones entre promedios se hicieron mediante prueba t de Student. Resultados: La tasa de Anomalías urinarias fue 64,5 por 10 000 nacimientos. Ellas aumentaron significativamente al compararlas con los períodos estudiados anteriormente. El factor de riesgo más influyente fue "otros malformados en la familia". La anomalía más frecuente fue Hidroureteronefrosis (24,2 por ciento) seguida por Hipospadias (17 por ciento). La tasa de estas malformaciones en los hospitales chilenos participantes del ECLAMC fue 23,37/10 000 nacimientos. Conclusión: Se demuestra un incremento significativo del diagnóstico de estas anomalías, siendo el factor de riesgo más importante el antecedente de otros malformados en la familia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Doenças Urológicas/congênito , Doenças Urológicas/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Doenças Renais Policísticas/congênito , Doenças Renais Policísticas/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/congênito , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Hidronefrose/congênito , Hidronefrose/epidemiologia , Hipospadia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Sistema Urinário/anormalidades
10.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(2): 105-112, abr. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-592107

RESUMO

Introduction: In 1967, the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (LASCM) was created. Currently, 180 hospitals in 76 cities of 9 Latin American countries participate, accumulating data from over 4.5 M births. The Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile (HCUCH) entered the study in 1967, as did 12 other institutions later on. Objectives: Verify changes (increase) in frequency of Down's Syndrome (DS) in Chile and Latin America, and modification of frequency in those countries where elective abortion is permitted. Patients y Method: Three samples were evaluated: Births at HCUCH, active chilean hospitals and the 180 hospitals in 9 LA countries between 1972 and 2009. DS frequencies in Chile and other countries were compared through the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring System. Results: DS frequency at HCUCH increased significantly from 1.03 per thousand births in 1972 to 2.93 /oo births 2009. Frequencies in all chilean hospitals are fairly homogeneous, all higher than average for LASCM, which is 1.88 per thousand. The chilean average is 2.47/ºº por the period between 1998-2005, with a range of 1.88 at HCUCH to 2.86 at the Hospital of Curicó. In the rest of the world, the rate of DS per birth has diminished significantly, being the lowest in Iran (0.32/o<>) and Spain (0.6/oo live births). Conclusion: Rate of DS births are higher in Chile than LASCM average (2.47/o<>), with a trend to increase. This is true in Latin America, where the average for the period between 2001-2005 was 2.89 per thousand live births. In Europe and Asia, these rates have decreased to very low numbers, such as 0.32/o<> in Iran and 0.6/o<> in Spain.


Introducción: El ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congenitas) fue creado en 1967. Actualmente, lo integran 180 hospitales de 76 ciudades de 9 países Latino Americanos y ha acumulado más de 4,5 millones de nacimientos. El Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH) ingresó en 1967 y después otros 12 establecimientos chilenos. Objetivos: Verificar si la frecuencia de síndrome de Down (SD) está aumentando en Chile y Latino América y como se ha visto modificada en los países en que está permitido el aborto electivo. Pacientes y Método: Se estudió 3 muestras: Todos los nacimientos del HCUCH desde 1972 a 2009; de los hospitales chilenos activos y de los 180 hospitales de 9 países Latinoamericanos. Se comparó las frecuencias de SD de Chile y del ECLAMC con otros países que participan en el Internacional Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring System. Resultados: La frecuencia del SD en el HCUCH aumentó significativamente de 1,03 por mil nacimientos en 1972 a 2,93 por mil en 2009. Las frecuencias en los hospitales chilenos son muy homogéneas, todas más altas que el promedio del ECLAMC: 1,88 por mil. El promedio chileno para el período 1998-2005 fue de 2,47 por mil. Con un rango de 1,88 por mil del HCUCH y 2,86 por mil del Hospital de Curicó. En el resto del mundo se ha asistido a una disminución significativa de las tasas de SD, siendo las más bajas la de Irán: 0,32 por mil y España 0,60 por mil nacimientos vivos. Conclusión: En Chile, las tasas de SD son mayores al promedio del ECLAMC 2,47 por mil existiendo una tendencia al aumento de ellas lo mismo que en Latino América, donde el promedio para el período 20012005 fue de 2,89 por mil. En Europa y Asia las tasas han disminuido a cifras extremas, Irán 0,32 por mil y España 0,60 por mil.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Idade Materna , Salas de Parto/estatística & dados numéricos , Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , América Latina/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Saúde Global , Prevalência
11.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(1): 35-41, feb. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-597608

RESUMO

Esophageal atresia is a congenital malformation incompatible with life. The incidence is quite variable in Chile and all over the world. Objective: To estimate the prevalence at birth of esophageal atresia, comparing with previously published data. Patients and Methods: All children with congenital anomalies born at the UniversityofChile Clinical Hospital from 1999 to 2009 were included. Results: 19.312 births during the study period were registered, 1710 of them had a congenital anomaly (8,9 percent). Fifteen of the malformed newborns had esophageal atresia (7.8 x 10.000): one stillbirth and 14 alive newborns. 78,6 percent of cases were discharge alive from the hospital, 3 (21,4 percent) died during the hospitalization. Only 1/15 was an isolated esophageal atresia, 6 cases were syndromic and 9 were classified as VACTERL association. Prenatal diagnosis was made in 73,3 percent of the cases. Newborns with esophageal atresia had significantly less birth weight, less gestational age and more malformed relatives, than control newborns. Metrorrhagia during pregnancy in mothers was more frequent in cases than controls. No difference in maternal age between groups was founded. Conclusion: The esophageal atresia prevalence at birth was higher than previously reported local data, and lower than the rest of ECLAMC data; this could be explained because the University of Chile Clinical Hospital is a reference Hospital for prenatal diagnosed cases.


Introducción: Atresia de esófago es una malformación congénita incompatible con la vida, que tiene una frecuencia variable en Chile y en el resto del mundo. Objetivos: Presentar la prevalencia actual y compararla con comunicaciones anteriores. Estudiar las asociaciones más frecuentes con otras malformaciones y la sobreviva al alta hospitalaria. Pacientes y Método: Ingresaron a este trabajo todos los niños que presentaban una o más malformaciones nacidos entre 1999 y 2009 nacidos en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico. Resultados: Durante el período ocurrieron 19.312 nacimientos. Se encontró 1. 710 recién nacidos malformados (8,9 por ciento). A 15 de ellos (7,8 por 10.000) se les diagnosticó Atresia de esófago. Catorce eran nacidos vivos. 78,6 por ciento fueron tratados y dados de alta vivos. Tres (21,4 por ciento) fallecieron. Sólo 1 caso fue catalogado como forma aislada, 6 como formas sindrómicas. Nueve casos fueron catalogados como Asociación VACTERL. En 73,3 por ciento de los casos se hizo el diagnóstico prenatal de la Atresia de esófago. Cuando se los comparó con los controles, los malformados tenían un significativo menor peso de nacimiento y edad gestacional. No se encontró diferencia significativa en edad materna entre casos y controles. Sí había diferencia significativa en "otros malformados en la familia" y "metrorragia del primer trimestre" que eran más frecuentes en casos. Conclusión: La tasa de prevalencia al nacimiento fue mayor que la encontrada anteriormente y menor que el promedio dado por ECLAMC para Latinoamérica, probablemente debido a que el Hospital Clínico es un hospital de referencia de casos diagnosticados prenatalmente.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Atresia Esofágica/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Atresia Esofágica/complicações , Atresia Esofágica/mortalidade , Peso ao Nascer , Chile/epidemiologia , Idade Gestacional , Tempo de Internação , Idade Materna , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(1): 72-78, ene. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-595268

RESUMO

Background: The Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) hasperformed an epidemiológica! surveillance of congenital malformations since 1967. This allows to detectany unexpected change in the incidence of malformations, possibly caused by a new environmental teratogenic agent. Aim: To report a summary ofthe results thusfar obtained in this study. Material ana Methods: The ECLAMC datábase was analyzed and all Uve births and stillbirths ofmore than 500 grams in the period 1995-2008, were analyzed. Results: There were 2,409,407 births in the nine participant countries. Ofthese 31,516 (1.3 percent) were stillbirths. The global rate of congenital malformations in this sample was 2.7 percent. In the studied period, there was a significant reduction in the rates of anencephaly and spina bifida in Chile and Argentina. In the rest ofthe countries, the global rates of malformations increased. Venezuela had the higher rate of teenage pregnancies (25 percent), followed by Colombia (23 percent). Chile had the higherpercentage ofwomen aged 35years or moregiving birth (14 percent), followed by Uruguay (13 percent). However, Chile had the higher rate of Down syndrome and Uruguay, the lowest (24.7 and 13.6per 10000). Conclusions: There is a tendency towards an increase in the rates of congenital malformations in this sample, with significant differences among countries.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Nascido Vivo/epidemiologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Chile/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Incidência , América Latina/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
13.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 76(1): 21-25, 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627383

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES: La presencia de 2 vasos en el cordón umbilical es una anomalía con incidencia de 1% de todos los recién nacidos. Se asocia frecuentemente con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), malformaciones estructurales mayores y cromosómicas y prematuridad. Constituye un factor de riesgo que aumenta la mortalidad fetal tardía y neonatal. OBJETIVOS: Establecer la prevalencia al nacimiento de arteria umbilical única (AUU), la magnitud de las asociaciones con malformaciones congénitas (MFC), RCIU, prematuridad y su influencia en la morbimortalidad neonatal. MÉTODO: Se usó la base de datos que el Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas (ECLAMC) tiene en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Incluyó a todos los recién nacidos vivos (RN) y mortinatos con peso de nacimiento 500 gramos o más en el período mayo 1998 a junio 2010. Se comparó algunas variables demográficas entre los casos y sus controles. RESULTADOS: En 22.011 nacimientos ocurridos hubo 65 RN con AUU (0,3%), 9 eran mortinatos (13,8%), 88,9% de ellos presentaban RCIU. Eran prematuros 55,4% de los RN. El 60% de los casos de AUU estaban asociados a MFC mayores, destacando las del aparato genitourinario (35,3%) y las cardiovasculares (29,4%); 23,8% eran parte de un síndrome, donde dominaban latrisomía 13 y 18 (12 casos, 18,5%). De los RN vivos fallecieron 13 (23,2%), 8 (61,5%) presentaban RCIU. CONCLUSIÓN: La AUU es un factor de alto riesgo de asociación con RCIU, MFC mayores estructurales y/o cromosómicas, prematuridad y de un aumento de la morbimartalidad neonatal.


BACKGROUND: The presence of only two blood vessels in the cord blood is a congenital anomaly that has an incidence about 1% among all newborns. Frequently, it is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), major congenital malformations (MCMF), chromosome anomalies and prematurity. It represents a risk factor that increases late foetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. AIMS: To estímate the prevalence at birth of unique umbilical artery (UUA), to know its association with congenital anomalies, IUGR, prematurity and to evaluate its influence in neonatal morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We studied data registered in the Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) from the Maternity of the Clinical Hospital of University of Chile from May 1998 and June 2010. All newborns (alive and stillbirths) with a birth weigh >500 g were included. Demographic variables were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS: 65 newborns with UUA (0.3%) was found among the 22.011 births registered: 9 was stillbirths (13.8%), 88.9% of them had IUGR and 55.4% were premature. 60% of cases has another MCMF (35.3% of the genitourinary system and 29.4% involved the cardiovascular system). 23.8% of cases were part of a syndrome, 13 and 18 trisomy were the most common (12 cases, 18.5%). 13 newborns died (23.2%), 8 of them (61.5%) had IUGR. CONCLUSION: The presence of UUA in a foetus or newborn represents a high risk for IUGR, MCMF, chromosome anomalies, prematurity and increase of neonatal morbidity and mortality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Artéria Umbilical Única/epidemiologia , Peso ao Nascer , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Chile , Mortalidade Infantil , Prevalência , Idade Gestacional , Idade Materna , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(5): 567-572, mayo 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-553255

RESUMO

Background: Orofacial clefts are common and have a great medical and social importance. The Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), has maintained an epidemiological surveillance of congenital malformations since 1969, allowing the evaluation of trends in the prevalence of malformations. Aim: To evaluate the evolution curve of prevalence rates of orofacial clefts from 1971 to 2008. Material and Methods: All cases of orofacial clefts, occurring in newborns from the maternity of a university hospital from January 2000 to December 2008, were recorded as part of the ECLAMC. Historical information about the rates of the malformation between 1971 and 1999, was obtained from previous manuscripts of the authors. Results: In the study period, 15,635 children were born and 46 had cleft lip-palate (3‰). This rate is significantly higher than those observed previously, that fuctuated between 1.5 and 1.7‰. The prevalence rates of cleft lip remained stable from 1971 to 1999 and suffered a brisk and significant rise in the period 2000-2008 When the period is analyzed year by year, the increase in rates is observed in the last two years. The rates of cleft palate suffered a slight non significant rise until 2000. Conclusions: The increased rates of cleft lip palate observed in the last two years of the observation period may be a random result and should be monitored in the future.


Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Peso ao Nascer/fisiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Previsões , Idade Gestacional , Maternidades , Hospitais Universitários , Idade Materna , Prevalência
15.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 3(2): 14-17, dic. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-613267

RESUMO

INTRODUCCION: Los dermatoglifos son características de la piel del extremo distal de los dedos, palmas de manos y plantas de pies, de algunos mamíferos, incluidos los seres humanos. Estarían determinadas por factores genéticos y ambientales, siendo marcadores de noxas en el ambiente prenatal. De esta manera, eventos que lleven a alteraciones en el sistema nervioso central y a patologías como la esquizofrenia, podrían verse reflejadas en los dermatoglifos. METODOS: con el fin de estudiar esta asociación, en el presente trabajo se analizó el patrón dermatoglífico de individuos sanos y luego se comparó con pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia y algún trastorno psiquiátrico distinto a ésta. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: se evidenció que el sexo del individuo sería independiente tanto de las proporciones de las figuras encontradas como del recuento total de líneas digitales (RTLD). No se evidenció relación entre el RTLD y el padecer alguna patología psiquiátrica, sin embargo la distribución de las figuras fue igual para todos los dedos en los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos, en tanto que en la muestra de individuos sanos hubo claras diferencias: los arcos fueron más frecuentes en el dedo índice, las presillas en el meñique y los círculos en el dedo anular.


BACKGROUND: Dermatoglyphics are characteristics of the skin at the distal end of the fingers, palms and soles of the feet of some mammals, including humans. They are determined by genetic and environmental factors, being markers of noxa in the prenatal environment. In this way, events that lead to alterations in the central nervous system such as schizophrenia, could be reflected in the dermatoglyphic pattern. METHODS: in order to study this association, this paper analyzed the dermatoglyphic pattern of healthy individuals and then compared it with the pattern found in patients with schizophrenia and a psychiatric disorder other than this one. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: we found no association between the proportions of the figures and the total finger rigde count (TFRC) and the sex of individuals. No relationship was evident between TFRC and suffering from psychiatric disorder. Figures distribute by chance in the different fingers in psychiatric patients, but not in healthy individuals, in these ones the arches are seen mainly in the index finger, loops in little finger and circles are seen mostly in ring finger.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dermatoglifia , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Interpretação Estatística de Dados
16.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 20(2): 112-118, 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-545892

RESUMO

The change of denomination of congenital hip luxation for evolutionary hip displasia is defined and explained, it incluyes luxation, subluxation and hip instability. The frequencies of this pathology in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile is reported. The finds of significant major frequency in female newborn children, breech presentation and left hip are communicated. Thefamily base of this pathology is confirmed. The recommendations of the experts’ Committee of the American Academy of pediatrics and those of the health department of Chile are given. It is emphasized that the diagnosis must be as precocious as possible and that the best method of diagnosis is Ortolani’s or Barlow maneuver, done by a professional of experience. It is indicated the oportunity in which the ultrasound scan and the hip X-ray must be done, also the recommended treatment. The use of the double diaper is scorned and its possible sequels arecommented.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/diagnóstico , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/epidemiologia , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/prevenção & controle , Salas de Parto/normas , Chile , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Salas de Parto/estatística & dados numéricos
17.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(6): 366-371, 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-561851

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) se estima que está presente en el 5 por ciento de los nacimientos y es la manifestación de procesos aberrantes que impiden el desarrollo normal del feto. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de esta patología en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Obtener la tasa prevalencia al nacimiento de malformaciones congénitas (MFC) y comparar la frecuencia en recién nacidos pequeños (PEG) con los adecuados (AEG) y grandes (GEG) para la edad gestacional. Método: Se estudian todos los nacimientos, vivos y mortinatos, ocurridos entre enero de 1997 a diciembre de 2008, contenidos en la base de datos del ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) desde 1969 a la fecha. Se excluyen los recién nacidos con malformaciones como hidrocefalia, anencefalia e hidrops, que por sus características dificultan la posibilidad de clasificación en PEG, AEG o GEG. Resultados: 10,1 por ciento de los nacimientos del período eran PEG. Entre los nacidos vivos 10 por ciento fueron PEG, mientras que 33,5 por ciento de los mortinatos eran PEG (p<0,05). Eran malformados el 12,9 por ciento de los PEG, 8,5 por ciento de los AEG y 9,3 por ciento de los GEG (p<0,05). La tasa global de malformaciones fue de 9,5 por ciento; en NV el 9,4 por ciento y en mortinatos el 33 por ciento. Conclusión: El RCIU es un factor que aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad fetal tardía y de presentar malformaciones congénitas.


Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the result of anomalies that prevent the normal development of the fetus, it is present in about the 5 percent of births. Objectives: To estimate the frequency of FGR in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. To estimate the congenital malformation prevalence rate at birth and compare it among small (SGE), adequate (AGE) and large (LGE) newborns according their gestational age. Methods: All live births and stillbirths included in the ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) registered from January 1997 and December 2008 were considered. Newborns with congenital malformations that modified per se the size of the child, like hydrocephaly anencephaly and hydrops were excluded. Results: 10.1 percent of newborns were SGE. Among live births 10 percent were SGE instead of the 33.5 percent found in stillbirths (p<0.05). Congenital malformation rate at birth was 12.9 percent in SGE, 8.5 percent in AGE and 9.3 percent in LGE newborns (p<0.05). The global congenital malformation prevalence rate at birth was 9.5 percent; 9.4 percent in live newborns and 33 percent in stillbirth. Conclusion: The FGR increase the risk of late fetal mortality and congenital anomalies.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Mortalidade Fetal , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/etiologia , Peso ao Nascer , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile/epidemiologia , Salas de Parto , Idade Gestacional , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(2): 201-208, feb. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-483240

RESUMO

The role of advanced maternal age as a risk factor for congenital malformations in offspring is known. However, the influence of paternal age is not clear. Aim: To evaluate the association between advanced paternal age and the risk for congenital malformations. Patients and Methods: Analysis of maternal and paternal age of cases (malformed newborns) and controls from ECLAMC Database (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) registered at the University of Chile Clinical Hospital during the decade from Jan 1 1997 to Dec 31 2006. Newborns and stillborns were grouped according to maternal age into 6 intervals. In each interval, paternal ages of cases and controls were compared. The inverse procedure was performed to assess maternal age effect. Other variables as gestational age and birth weight were analyzed for the intervals of maternal and paternal ages. Results: No significant differences were observed in paternal age between cases and controls in any of the intervals of maternal age. However, mean maternal age was higher for cases than for controls (p =0,0149). Gestational age and birth weight depend more on being case or control than on the age of parents. Conclusions: No differences in paternal age were observed between cases and controls in this series of newborns.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Anormalidades Congênitas/etiologia , Idade Materna , Idade Paterna , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chile/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(11): 1463-1469, nov. 2007. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-472847

RESUMO

Background: There is an association between extreme maternal ages and the risk of congenital malformations. This is specially true for chromosomal abnormalities among women of advanced ages and disruptive malformation among teenage mothers. Aim: To determine the association between maternal ages and incidence of congenital malformations at the obstetric ward of a clinical hospital. To compare these figures with those of Chile. Material and methods: The hospital registries of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) between 1996 and 2005, were consulted. This is a database of all marformations detected in newborns at the hospital. Results: An overall prevalence of malformations of8,4 percent was detected at the hospital. There is a significantly lower frequency of mothers aged less than 20 years than in the rest of Chile. Mothers aged between 20 and 29 years have the lower frequency of malformed children. Women aged íess than 20 years and over 39 years of age, account for 56 percent of malformed children. Maternal ages and the rates of malformations, increased in a parallel fashion at a rate of 0.2 years and 2.2 malformed children per 1,000 born alive, per calendar year, respectively. Conclusions: The association between prevalence rates of congenital malformations and maternal age is U chaped with a higher proportion of malformed children among women aged íess than 20 years or more than 39 years.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Idade Materna , Chile/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco
20.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 78(1): 46-53, feb. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-465082

RESUMO

Introducción: La polidactilia aislada fue la primera enfermedad autosómica reconocida por su herencia dominante, sin embargo, no existe hasta hoy claridad en cuanto a su modo de transmisión y genes responsables, debido a su penetrancia incompleta y heterogeneidad genética. En distintas poblaciones exhibe distintas características clínicas y epidemiológicas y se ha demostrado ligamiento con diferentes genes en distintas familias. Objetivo: El presente estudio describe las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la polidactilia en un Hospital chileno participante del Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas (ECLAMC). Pacientes y Métodos: Se analizan los casos de polidactilia detectados en 37 008 nacimientos consecutivos, vivos y mortinatos ocurridos entre 1991 y 2006 en la Maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Resultados: Se encontraron 92 casos de polidactilia, 28 de ellos presentaban otras malformaciones asociadas. La prevalencia al nacimiento de polidactilia como malformación aislada fue de 1,7 por cada 1 000 nacidos vivos (13 casos preaxiales y 46 casos postaxiales). Hubo un ligero predominio del sexo masculino entre los afectados y ambas extremidades (superiores e inferiores) aparecen comprometidas con igual frecuencia. En el 30,4 por ciento de los casos existía antecedente de algún familiar afectado con polidactilia. En base a estos casos familiares se estimó una penetrancia génica del 62,6 por ciento para la polidactilia postaxial. Conclusiones: La forma postaxial de polidactilia es la más común. La distribución familiar de polidactilia encontrada es concordante con un modelo de herencia autosómica dominante con una penetrancia génica de 62,65 por ciento. La presencia de polidactilia preaxial y la ausencia de antecedentes familiares de la malformación deben hacer sospechar la presencia de otras malformaciones congénitas asociadas en el recién nacido.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Polidactilia/epidemiologia , Polidactilia/genética , Peso ao Nascer , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chile , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Idade Materna , Prevalência , Recidiva , Distribuição por Sexo
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